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Prevalence of Autism in Special Education Schools of Lahore

Kausar Suhail and  Faiza Zafar
Government College University, Lahore

This study determined the prevalence of Autism in special education schools of Lahore. Through initial screening by using DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for Autism (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), 142 out of 1633 children were identified as the probable cases of Autism. Of these screened cases, the average rating of two independent raters on Child Autism Rating Scale (Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 2002) showed that a total of 103 (6.31%) children satisfied the criteria of Autism. Poor social relationship was found to be the most prominent feature among all associated features of the disorder. On the basis of the findings, the need of separate schools offering specialized instructional and educational programs for children with Autism was suggested for the effective management of the disorder.

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The Process of Commitment, Escalation, and Incentive Yields Energy Conservation

Hamid Gorgani, Aboulghassem Nouri, and
Hossein Molavi
University of Isfahan

The study examined the effect of the process of commitment, escalation of behaviour, and incentive on the energy conservation behaviour; including the role of informational feedback in this process. Pretest-posttest, control group design was utilised. Experimental Group 1 was persuaded to make a commitment by signing a form to conserve their electric energy consumption in a successively 3-stage process and to reduce their electric consumption respectively by 5, 10, and 15 per cents. For Experimental Group 2, the process was same except for the informational feedback given to the participants in each stage for their conservational behavior in the previous stage. Experimental groups reduced their electric consumption significantly more than control group. Feedback had nonsignificant effect on the conservational behavior in this process.

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Explaining Doctors’ Work Values from Personality Traits and Hospital Characteristics

 Noor Fatima and  Iftikhar Ahmad
   Government College University, Lahore

Present study explored the relationship of personality traits and hospital characteristics with work values of junior doctors in the context of public and trust hospitals. NEO-Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Hospital Characteristics Questionnaire (Tepeci, 2001), and Work Values Questionnaire (Elizur, Borg, Hunt, & Beck, 1991) were administered on a sample of 200 junior doctors. Personality traits explained Cognitive, Affective, and Instrumental work values of junior doctors working in the trust-hospitals more robustly (27% - 50%) than those in the public-hospitals (11% - 14%). Agreeableness and Conscientiousness emerged as the major personality traits in all doctors. However, Quality of service and Compensation/benefits, as hospital characteristics, were perceived as salient to trust-hospitals more than public-hospitals in influencing work values.

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Gender Differences in Perceived Parenting Styles and Socioemotional Adjustment of Adolescents

Rukhsana Kausar
University of the Punjab, Lahore

Nadia Shafique
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi

The present research examined gender differences in perceived parenting styles and socioemotional adjustment of adolescents and examined relationship between these variables. It was hypothesized that: a). There are gender differences in perceived parenting styles and socioemotional adjustment; and b). perceived parenting styles have differential relationship with socioemotional adjustment. Sample comprised of 60 adolescents with equal number of girls and boys and was recruited from different public schools in Rawalpindi. Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991) and Socioemotional Adjustment Scale (Najam & Simeen, 1991) were used for assessment. Girls perceived their parents as authoritative and showed significantly better socioemotional adjustment as compared to boys. Findings highlight importance of parenting styles and their implications for socioemotional adjustment of adolescents.

Keywords:  Parenting styles, socioemotional adjustment, gender, adolescents

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Gender-based Differences in the Patterns of Emotional Self-disclosure

Sarwat Sultan and Huma Chaudry
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan

The present study aimed at investigating the gender differences in emotional self-disclosure. The sample consisted of 300 university students (with gender equivalence) age ranged from 20-35 years. Emotional Self-disclosure Scale (Snell, 1990) was used to measure the degree of self-disclosure in adults. Results showed significant gender differences in emotional self-disclosure, women disclosed their emotions more to their friends as compared to men. Results subjected to male and female recipients suggested that women disclose their emotional feelings more to their female friends, and men do towards their male friends. The study further found that there are differential tendencies among male and female students in disclosing their different types of emotions to male and female recipients.

Keywords: Self-disclosure, self-description, interpersonal problems, emotional expressiveness, gender

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